Which steps are part of assessing climate risk and resilience?

• A. Increase energy use to cope with climate variability
• B. Ignore projections
• C. Conduct climate risk assessments to identify vulnerabilities, develop adaptation measures, and integrate into planning and maintenance
• D. Focus only on emergency response, not planning

Answer: (C)

Assessing climate risk and resilience means looking at how climate variability and change could affect systems, identifying which parts are vulnerable, and then planning actions to reduce those risks and keep operations resilient. The best option describes this full, proactive process: conduct climate risk assessments to identify vulnerabilities, develop adaptation measures, and integrate into planning and maintenance. It covers identifying where exposure and sensitivity exist, creating concrete steps toAdapt (like upgrading infrastructure or changing maintenance schedules), and weaving these actions into ongoing planning so resilience is built into everyday operations.

The other ideas don’t fit because increasing energy use to cope with variability isn’t a risk-reduction strategy and can cause waste and emissions; ignoring projections leaves you unaware of likely changes; and focusing only on emergency response neglects the planning needed to reduce risk before problems occur.